Europe's transfer kings: How have the continent's best teams done this summer?

In: Alvaro Morata (Juventus)

Out: Jese (PSG)

It’s been an oddly quiet transfer window for Real Madrid so far. They’ve brought Alvaro Morata back from Juventus, but there’s no guarantee that he won’t be shifted on elsewhere to raise funds. Moussa Sissoko could join him, but there appears to be no grand plan for signing a superstar. Paul Pogba is at Manchester United (probably), and David de Gea seems set to stay there for at least another season. If Cristiano Ronaldo remains in Madrid, then you could argue that there’s no great need for any huge new signing, until you see the improvements Barcelona have made.

In: Denis Suarez (Villarreal), Lucas Digne (PSG), Samuel Umtiti (Lyon), Andre Gomes (Valencia)

Out: Adriano (Besiktas), Dani Alves (Juventus), Marc Bartra (Borussia Dortmund), Sandro Ramirez (Malaga), Alex Song (Rubin Kazan), Thomas Vermaelen (Roma, loan)

With Luis Suarez, Lionel Messi and Neymar, not much is needed by way of attack, and Denis Suarez may end up being the supplementary forward if they can’t find someone else to be the fourth-choice reserve. Andre Gomes seems a sensible choice to ultimately replace Andres Iniesta, but the biggest improvement is in defence. Digne and Umtiti are upgrades on Adriano and Bartra, and Alves was close to the end of his career. For once, Barcelona may be solid in defence as well as up top.

In: Kevin Gameiro (Sevilla), Diego Jota (Pacos), Šime Vrsaljko (Sassuolo), Nicolas Gaitan (Benfica)

Out: Jesus Gamez (Newcastle United), Matias Kranevitter (Sevilla, loan), Luciano Vietto (Sevilla, loan)

Atletico Madrid have brought in Gameiro from Sevilla, and he should be an improved goal threat on Fernando Torres, but this is a minor change, as is Nicolas Gaitan. More will be expected from younger players at the squad to keep them challenging for the title, but they are solid additions.

In: Mario Lemina (Marseille), Miralem Pjanic (Roma), Dani Alves (Barcelona), Medhi Benatia (Bayern Munich, loan), Gonzalo Higuain (Napoli), Marko Pjaca (Dinamo Zagreb)

Out: Gabriel Pires (Leganes), Alvaro Morata (Real Madrid)

You can almost certainly add Paul Pogba to the list of outs, but even when losing him and Morata, this is no bad transfer window. With the money they have brought in, they have added the best striker in the league, Higuain, and perhaps the best midfielder left in Serie A, Pjanic. Add Dani Alves on the right, and Benatia in central defence, and Juventus could yet prove stronger than they were last season. Pjaca is also an exciting prospect.

In: Renato Sanches (Benfica), Mats Hummels (Borussia Dortmund)

Out: Mehdi Benatia (Juventus, loan), Mario Gotze (Borussia Dortmund), Sebastian Rode (Borussia Dortmund), Pierre-Emile Hojbjerg (Southampton)

This window was something of an unwinding of the Guardiola era, as the disappointing Gotze spell has been brought to an end. Continuing their pillaging of Dortmund though, they have taken former Bayern youth-teamer Hummels back to the club. Benatia has left, but he failed to really impress, and Sanches adds steel to a midfield that is already one of the best in the world. Bayern remain one of the very best sides around, but they have dipped slightly with Guardiola’s replacement. Carlo Ancelotti is a company man, and a capable one, but nothing special.

In: Marc Bartra (Barcelona), Ousmane Dembele (Stade Rennais), Emre Mor (FC Nordsjaelland), Mario Gotze (Borussia Dortmund), Raphael Guerreiro (FC Lorient), Sebastian Rode (Bayern Munich), Andre Schurrle (Wolfsburg), Mikel Morino (Osasuna)

Out: Ilkay Gundogan (Manchester City), Henrikh Mkhitaryan (Manchester United), Mats Hummels (Bayern Munich), Jakub Blaszczykowski (Wolfsburg)

A radical overhaul of the Dortmund side, potentially, or merely a chance to bring in plenty of potential for the future. Losing Gundogan, Mkhitaryan and Hummels in a single season is more selling of stars than they usually like to do, but with Schurrle, Rode, Gotze and Dembele joining, they are more than capable of pushing themselves all the way to second again, or possibly even a title tilt.

In: Jese (Real Madrid), Thomas Meunier (Club Brugge), Hatem Ben Arfa (Nice), Grzegorz Krychowiak (Sevilla), Giovani Lo Celso (Rosario)

Out: Zlatan Ibrahimovic (Manchester United), Lucas Digne (Barcelona), Giovani Lo Celso (returning on loan to Rosario)

None of the players brought in are poor players. Ben Arfa is coming off the back of an impressive season, Meunier can’t be worse than some of the defenders they’ve let go, Jese has potential and Krychowiak can make a lasting impression in midfield. But none of them are superstars. Beyond Ronaldo, there aren’t really any who could be available this summer, especially as Pogba was only interested in a move to Spain as a priority, and ended up at United instead. So perhaps the owners have decided that they would make sensible additions this season, and wait to see what happens in future. Removing Laurent Blanc for Unai Emery - not tainted by his complicity in any quota scandals - can only be a good thing. For now, they remain the Celtic of Ligue 1, with more hopes of Champions League success.