FIFA report clears Qatar and Russia of corruption, but England criticised

FIFA's independent ethics adjudicator Hans Joachim Eckert has avoided calls for a revote for the 2022 finals to take place in a 42-page summary of lawyer Michael Garcia's full report published on Thursday.

It has been found that any breaches of regulations by Russia 2018 and Qatar 2022 were of a "very limited scope".

"In particular, the effects of these occurrences on the bidding process as a whole were far from reaching any threshold that would require returning to the bidding process, let alone reopening it,” said Eckert.

It has been suggested that no evidence has been found to prove the small state in the Gulf earned the right to stage the tournament by bribing FIFA officials of up to £3 million.

However, New York lawyer Garcia's 18-month probe will infuriate the Football Association after they were berated as part of the investigation into their bidding for the 2018 tournament awarded to Russia.

Qatar earned the right to stage the finals by beating bids from Australia, the USA, South Korea and Japan in December 2010. It remains one of the biggest shocks in the history of the sport with Qatar dogged by allegations since they won the right to stage the finals.

While their bid is to be exonerated by football's governing body, England are heavily berated for the conduct of their bid and their involvement with former FIFA vice-president Jack Warner prior to their bid to stage the 2018 finals.

Russia and Australia are also criticised over their links to Warner.

The hosting of a training camp in the summer of 2009 by England 2018 for the Trinidad and Tobago is criticised.

The committee said that "the various incidents which might have occurred are not suited to compromise the integrity of the FIFA World Cup 2018/2022 bidding proce as a whole".

The report criticised England's bid for the 2018 tournament for "inappropriate requests" from Warner, a FIFA powerbroker at the time, and said that Australia's bid for 2022 included "certain indications of potentially problematic conduct of specific individuals".

FIFA and Qatar World Cup organisers have been fending off allegations of corruption ever since the Gulf state was awarded the 2022 tournament but, looking at the bid process for both tournaments, the report said: "The assessment of the 2018/2022 FIFA World Cups bidding process is therefore closed for the FIFA Ethics Committee."

However, the report said ethics investigator Garcia intended to open formal investigations against individuals, who were not named.

The report added that there was no suggestion that FIFA president Sepp Blatter had acted improperly, saying the one concrete allegation against him was "demonstrably false".

Qatar, which has repeatedly denied the allegations, has also been criticised over its treatment of migrant workers in the construction industry.

In the case of Qatar, the report said "there are certain indications of potentially problematic conduct of specific individuals in the light of relevant FIFA Ethics rules" which did not compromise the bidding process.

It said that the relationship between former Asian Football Confederation president Mohamed Bin Hammam, banned for life by FIFA in 2011, and the Qatar bidding team was a "distant relative to the relationships of other FIFA Executive Committee members from bid nations".

The report said that it could not find any evidence of misconduct connected to the Russian bid, although it added that not all records had been available to the investigation.

"The Russia 2018 Bid Committee made only a limited amount of documents available for review, which was explained by the fact that the computers used at the time by the Russia Bid Committee had been leased and then returned to their owner after the Bidding Process. The owner has confirmed that the computers were destroyed in the meantime."

Much of the report was procedural and devoted to explaining the background to World Cup bidding processes and FIFA ethics guidelines.

Although it avoided naming individuals it said that two veteran FIFA executive committee members had resisted efforts to "hold them to the same rules as bid teams".

It also said that "two of the executive committee's most senior members challenged the Ethics Committee's independence and authority."

The report concluded that "the line between a bid team's conduct...and improper conduct is a very fine one. From which point on lobbyism must be considered as improper conduct is, for example, not always clear."

"The perception for example, according to which a FIFA World Cup vote must have been "bought" if the host selected is not the one that has been generally considered a favourite (a position that is quite common in the media), is mere speculation and far from anything a judicial body like the FIFA Ethics Committee is allowed to accept as proof.

"By contrast, the...Ethics Committee is under the obligation to collect real facts, i.e. proof, which have then to be assessed by both Chambers of the Committee. In this regard, it shall be pointed out that such proof must be substantive, with (official) documents, money and paper trails, e-mail and other correspondence and witness statements still being the most sound kinds of proof."

The report added that "it must be made clear that (FIFA) President Blatter did not violate the FCE. The one concrete allegation against the President, concerning an account purportedly held in his name at a U.S. bank, was demonstrably false.

"Mr. Blatter has implemented a number of critical reforms, including those that made this inquiry possible.

"The bidding process established by FIFA was for the most part fair and thorough, although the Executive Committee's obligations in that process -- including its members' obligations to abide the same reporting requirements placed on the bid teams -- should have been made more explicit."